History

This Medal was instituted by Victor Emmanuel III, and it was awarded to military personnel, regardless of rank, in recognition of extraordinary and long service.

The Medal was originally reserved for personnel who had rendered active service in the Army and Navy, but it was later expanded to include the service of Air Force personnel.

The Medal was originally composed of three grades, Gold Cross (with crown), Gold Cross (without crown), and the Silver Cross (without crown). In 1912, the Silver Cross (with crown) was added as a grade above the Silver Cross (without crown).

The Silver Cross (without crown) was awarded to Non-Commissioned Officers and soldiers for 16 years of exceptionally meritorious service.