Hungarian Order of Merit, Grand Cross Breast Star, Military Division
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SKU: 01.HUN.0103.203.01.002
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(Magyar Érdemrend). Instituted 1922. A grand cross set consisting of a breast star and a a grand cross badge, the breast star of multi-piece construction, consisting of an eight-pointed silver star, with a cross attached to the obverse with white enameled arms, a war decoration consisting of green enameled laurel leaves attached to the six o’clock arm, with crossed swords, constructed of silver gilt, with a central red enameled medallion depicting silver gilt Patriarchal cross, surrounded by a green enameled laurel wreath; the reverse plain, with a vertical pinback, a barrel hinge, and a round wire catch; measuring 90.60 mm (w) x 91.01 mm (h); missing single sword handle, weighing 91.4 grams.
This Order was founded by Admiral Nicholas Horthy, and it was awarded for outstanding merit within civil and military fields.
Originally the Order was called the Hungarian Cross of Merit and only featured four grades. From 1935-1939, it was expanded to feature 12 grades including a Collar and supplementary crosses and medals of merit.
When it was amended in 1939, the Order was also changed to reward both military and civil merit. Thus there are three main versions, the Civil Division, the Military Division, and the Military Division with War Decoration.
The Military Division awards feature additional crossed swords, and were worn on a green ribbon with red and white exterior stripes.
The Civil Division awards feature a plain cross, and were worn on a green ribbon.
The War Decoration awards were conferred with an oak leaf wreath on the bottom cross arm, and were worn on a red ribbon with white and green exterior stripes. Therefore the Military Division with War Decoration awards feature crossed swords, and an oak leaf wreath on the bottom cross arm.
Early versions of the Grand Cross grade may also feature a surmounting Holy Crown.
The Order was discontinued after the fall of the Hungarian Monarchy in 1946, and it was replaced by the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, which was subsequently discontinued in 1949. The Order was re-established after the collapse of communism in Hungary, and it was re-named the Order of Merit of Hungary in 2012.
The Grand Cross and Grand Cross Breast Star also have an additional War Decoration version.
Versions of the Grand Cross Breast Star with a surmounting Holy Crown may also be known as the Special grade.
The Grand Cross Breast Star may feature golden rays or no rays between the cross arms.
The Small Grand Cross was worn as a less formal version of the full-sized Grand Cross.
These grades, also known as Kleine Dekorationen or Small Orders, adopted the form of the Knight Cross with associated ribbon decorations.
The ribbon of the Small Grand Cross (Civil Division with Holy Crown) features a miniature decoration of the Grand Cross Breast Star (Civil Division with Holy Crown).
The ribbon of the Small Grand Cross (Military Division) features a miniature decoration of the Grand Cross Breast Star (Military Division).
The ribbon of the Small Grand Cross (Military Division with Holy Crown) features a miniature decoration of the Grand Cross Breast Star (Military Division with Holy Crown).
The ribbon of the Small Grand Cross (with War Decoration) features a miniature decoration of the Grand Cross Breast Star (with War Decoration).
The ribbon of the Small Grand Cross (Military Division with War Decoration) features a miniature decoration of the Grand Cross Breast Star (Military Division with War Decoration).
The ribbon of the Small Grand Cross (Military Division with War Decoration and Holy Crown) features a miniature decoration of the Grand Cross Breast Star (Military Division with War Decoration and Holy Crown).
See the Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic, in the Republic of Hungary (1944-1949), the Order of Merit of the Hungarian People's Republic, in the Hungarian People's Republic (1949-1989), and the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, in Hungary (1989-) for more information.
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